SUSJ is a scientific refereed journal issued on behalf of Sirte University in a number of issues throughout the year interested in publishing research and documented studies in the field of applied sciences for university faculty members and other universities from inside and outside Libya. The views expressed in the publication are the individual opinion of the author(s) and they neither represents nor reflect the opinion of the editor and editorial board or Sirte University.
Investigations of genitourinary candida infections of patients women attending gynecology clinic at sirte clinics complex, Sirte city, Libya
Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection that occurs due to yeasts of the genus Candida, which infects target immobilized individuals with a diminished immune system. It causes infections in the urinary and reproductive systems and is known to be responsible for genital and urinary infections worldwide. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are most often responsible for the disease, and both can lead to vaginal candidiasis, including during pregnancy. Candida urinary tract infection has been on the rise in recent times, particularly among the hospitalised patients. Often, those people who undergo catheterization suffer from candiduria. In case the vaginal candidiasis is left untreated, then severe complications such as placental inflammation, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and even miscarriage may occur. Aim of study: This study aims to estimate the incidence of genitourinary fungal candidiasis among patients women attending Gynecology clinic at sirte Clinics Complex and identify potential risk factors associated with this condition. Materials and Methods: Sirte, Libya was the local setting of the study which was carried out between May and July 2023.Midstream urine sample was obtained from 100 patients women attending the gynecological clinic. Socio-demographic and clinical information was gathered by means of specially developed questionnaires in a standardised form. Laboratory investigations to diagnose fungal infections in urine involve the use of centrifuges to separate and deposit samples and their components. Sediment is then collected and examined under a microscope to identify fungal cells as well as using gram stain techniques. Specifically, SPSS analytic software was used, and chi-square tests where appropriate. Results: Among 100 samples, 91% tested positive for candida infection, with the highest rates in women aged ≤24 (42.85%) and 25–34 (28.57%). Diabetes showed a significant correlation with candidiasis (83.51%, p = 0.03), and unmarried women had higher infection rates (76.92%). All infected married women had no history of abortion, but multiple pregnancies were significantly associated (p = 0.0001). Metronidazole use reduced infection rates (p < 0.0001), and common symptoms included vaginal discharge (55.55%) and pain with urination (44.44%). Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of urinary fungal infections among women in sirte during (May–June 2023), with a significant decrease in infection rates with increasing age. The infections were most common in diabetic and unmarried women, while married women with multiple pregnancies had the highest rates. These findings highlight the need for regular screenings and preventive measures. Recommendation: Taking into account the study results, it is suggested that structured screening programs for urinary fungal infections in women should be implemented , with special focus on high-risk groups, such as diabetic and pregnant women. Furthermore, public education should directed to proper hygiene, correct medication use and early medical consultation in efforts of decreasing such infections prevalence.
Determination of Heavy Metals content in Soil from Medical Waste Landfills and the Creation of Cement Capsules to Mitigate Pollution
The objective of this study is to extract specific heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr²⁺) from landfill soil and to ascertain their concentrations. Furthermore, the research involves the development of cement capsules designed to contain medical waste and to mitigate the leaching of heavy metals into the surrounding environment. The findings indicate that the concentrations of these four heavy metals in the soil remained unchanged following the implementation of the capsules for medical waste storage. This outcome suggests that the capsules are effective in containing medical waste and preventing the leaching of heavy metals into adjacent soil. This study contributes valuable awareness into the controlling of medical waste within public and private health facilities. The recent proliferation of clinics, health centers, and medical laboratories has significantly increased activities in this sector. Such expansion generates various toxic and organic wastes, which pose potential risks to the environment.
Oscillatory Solutions of Nonlinear Differential Equations of Second- Order with Variable Coefficients
The oscillation characteristic of various components has attracted considerable interest, leading to extensive research on oscillatory models in various types of differential equations. In this research, oscillation property of nonlinear second- order differential equations are analyzed. Some analytical techniques are employed to establish new oscillation conditions. In addition, some illustrative examples are provided to support the new results. Our results improve and extend many previously established results in the field.
Relationship between the students’ spatial visualisation abilities and their performance of deducing 2D-Orthographic drawing
Many researches indicated that students’ spatial ability influences their academic performance in engineering drawing and design. Significantly, a major limitation of traditional instruction is the problem of presenting three-dimensional spatial information in a two-dimensional format. Yet, there is no evidence base of how spatial ability influence the Eng-drawing learners’ practice performance. This paper investigated the effects of the spatial ability level on novice Eng-drawing learners’ practice performance in terms of shorting the learning time and increasing the drawing accuracy or not. 32 students from architecture department at the Sirte university were assigned equally into two groups regarding to their SA scores (high vs. low) to undertake specific Eng-drawing learning tasks of deducing the orthographic projection from an isometric model. The time taken and drawing accuracy were recorded. The results indicated that SA significantly related to drawing accuracy, but had little effect on learning time.
Vitamin D level and some of its related factors in a sample of women in Misurata city
The city of Misurata is considered one of the sunny areas in North Africa, and several studies have shown the vitamin D deficiency in these areas. The current study aimed to evaluate vitamin D levels in women the city of Misurata and its relationship to some factors that may be related to it. The study community includes 131 women during a four-month period from April to the end of July of the year 2022, and a questionnaire was filled out for the cases of this study to cover the special data (age, marital status, eating some foods, and health status). The vitamin levels were divided into four levels, acute deficiency ,less than 10 nanograms / ml, a deficiency between 10-20 ng / ml, an insufficiency between 21-29 ng / ml, asufficiency level of more than 30 ng / ml, and the results showed that the percentage of vitamin D deficiency in general was 88.5%, and the severe deficiency formed the highest level of vitamin D deficiency At a rate of 38.5%, while the adequate level of vitamin D did not constitute more than 11.5%, and there was a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy ( P-value < (0.05, and there was no relationship between vitamin D deficiency, age, sun exposure, some diseases, symptoms, and dietary pattern ( P-value < (0.05.We conclude through this study that vitamin D deficiency constituted a large proportion among women in the city of Misurata
Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Wind Speed Estimation A Case Study of Dernah City, Libya
Electric power is universally acknowledged as a crucial factor in enhancing living standards. As a result, safe electrical energy consumption is crucial to efficient national energy management. To do this, meticulous assessments of the electricity demand are required. Finding viable sites for turbine placement through feasibility studies and measuring local wind speeds are essential steps before establishing the plant wind power. Estimation of wind speed and simulations can be used to conduct these evaluations.. This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm to estimate wind speed for the Libyan city of Dernah. One-year data from the Libya Meteorology Center has been utilized to train, test, and validate the ANN to to predict hourly wind speed . The structure of the ANN was evaluated with neuron counts of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50, allowing us to determine the optimal number of neurons for accurate predictions. The estimation analysis was performed using results obtained from the Levenberg-Marquardt method (LMA), along with the mean square error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that the Levenberg-Marquardt method with 10 neurons performs the best, with values of 0.99661 for R2 and 0.000250 for MSE. These findings confirm that wind speeds can be calculated within reasonable bounds since they show that the estimates of wind speeds based on the scant meteorological data available nearly match the measured values.
A molecular modeling investigation using DFT studies to examine the interaction between a melanin pigment and a Buckwheat
This study presents a summary of the use of buckwheat with its melanin pigment composition in human skin. The internal energy of buckwheat, as determined by the density functional function of molecular studies using the Goussian 09 and Hyperchem 08 programs, exhibited a value that was found to be nearly identical to that of melanin, which was found to be (-1109 Hartree, -1101 Hartree), respectively. To corroborate these findings, the molar number of buckwheat was incorporated in a ratio of 1:2, resulting in a notable reduction in polar moment by 1.759730 Debye. This was accompanied by an increase in stability and a decrease in polar moment, which in turn led to a reduction in activity and a limitation of the effect of UV radiation on melanin pigment.
Extraction of Aromatic Compounds from Dorema Ammoniacum and Styrax Benzoin Resins Using Maceration Method
This study aims to create a perfume using Dorema ammoniacum, Styrax benzoin, and α-pinene. The maceration method in mineral oil was used to extract the aromatic substances from the resins at a room temperature. Both resins were grounded and soaked in mineral oil for three months. The Dorema ammoniacum resin soluble in polar solvents, so aromatic substances were extracted by soaking it in 10% ethyl alcohol for 2-3 days. The top note, α-pinene oil, a monoterpene, was purchased in its pure form and used as is. The weight percentages of the components used to prepare the aromatic formulation containing the carbopol gel are as follows: Dorema ammoniacum (Solution, 10% EtOH) (20%), Benzoin oil extract (10%), D. ammoniacum oil extract (10%), α-pinene oil (5%), Glycerin (5%), α-pinene oil (5%), 2% Carbopol® 940 Solution (5%), Polyoxyethylene sorbitan 60 (6%), Glycerol monostearate (3%), Disodium EDTA (0.2%), Sodium Salicylate (1.5%), and then the completion of the percentage with distilled water. The formulation is prepared with a total weight of 20 grams. The perfume was evaluated for its organoleptic evaluation, such as color, scent, and shape, and was found to have a distinct aroma, liquid consistency, and acceptable shape.
A Study on Evaluation of Mean and Median Imputation Methods and Their Impact on Statistical Analysis of Missing Data
In this study, we are going to evaluate the effect of employing diverse missing value imputation strategies on real datasets while conducting statistical analysis. It will concentrate on Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) data, which provides an opportunity for a thorough assessment of imputation methods. Specific methods examined were mean and median imputation plus other conventional statistical ways of treating missing data. As a result, the research underlines that adequate data management strategies are key to preserving both the credibility and accuracy of scientific analyses. This study demonstrates how Excel can be used as the primary analytical tool to give applied researchers from different areas of specialization practical guidance on method choice when faced with missing data. In the end, these results demonstrate how carefulencial efforts are essential in this field.
Spatial Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties (pH, EC, and CaCO₃%) Using the IDW Method at the Field Scale in Libyan Soil
Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate content (CaCO₃%) are important indicators of soil health and fertility, impacting nutrient availability and crop productivity. Accurate mapping of these properties is especially important in arid and semiarid regions, such as Libya, where soil salinity and alkalinity present challenges to agricultural practices. This study assesses the effectiveness of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method which is a type of spatial interpolation that estimates values at unsampled locations by weighting nearby sampled points based on their distance from the point being estimated. In IDW, closer points have a greater influence on the estimated value, while more distant points contribute less. IDW method is used for interpolating spatial distributions of soil pH, EC, and CaCO₃% in a 13,000 square meter area at the Faculty of Agriculture Farm, University of Tripoli, Libya. Using a total of 71 soil samples collected from a depth of 0–30 cm, the spatial variability of these properties through IDW was assessed, a method that estimates values at unsampled locations based on the weighted influence of nearby sampled points. The accuracy of IDW interpolations was evaluated through cross-validation, revealing that IDW provided reliable results for CaCO₃%, with R² values ranging from 63% to 75%. In contrast, the method demonstrated moderate effectiveness for pH (R² values between 41% and 50%) and lower accuracy for EC, with R² values as low as 6%. This suggests that soil pH and EC exhibit varying levels of spatial homogeneity, affecting the interpolation accuracy. Alternative methods like Kriging may be more appropriate for EC due to their capacity to account for spatial autocorrelation, a key factor in environmental variables such as soil properties. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate interpolation techniques based on the specific characteristics of soil properties and their spatial distribution.
Soil calcium carbonate content (CaCO₃ %)
Spatial or geographical statistics (Geostatistics)
Constructing the Fractional Flow Curve for the Masrab Oilfield Using Production Data: A Case Study in Libya
This study focuses on evaluating the flow performance of oil and water in the Masrab oilfield, Libya, using production data. The main goal is to apply the production data method to calculate fractional flow curves, which are essential for optimizing production strategies in mature oilfield. The analysis was conducted using Excel software, which facilitated efficient calculations and plotting of the fractional flow curves. The results reveal that the field is oil-wet, a condition that has a direct impact on oil recovery efficiency. Oil wet reservoirs tend to have lower recovery rates, as water does not easily displace oil from the rock surfaces, leading to challenges in maximizing oil extraction. The production data method used in this study proved to be more accurate and practical for field applications compared to traditional methods like the Buckley-Leverett approach. Furthermore, this approach was shown to be more cost-effective and time-efficient, particularly in environments where core sampling or extensive fluid property data is difficult to obtain. The study highlights the importance of using real-time production data to assess reservoir performance, especially in challenging conditions where conventional methods may not be feasible. Based on the results, it is recommended that the production data approach be preferred in oil-wet reservoirs like Masrab, as it offers significant advantages in terms of improving oil recovery and optimizing field operations. This approach provides a more practical and accessible solution for enhancing reservoir management and increasing long-term production efficiency.
Groundwater quality in some areas of Sirte City, Libya
This study investigates groundwater quality in various areas of Sirte City, located in northern Libya, focusing on identifying the most prevalent pollutants. The research specifically examines pH levels and other key pollution indicators, including total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the water. The study is centered on assessing the physicochemical parameters of groundwater in the Sirte City area. A total of twenty-eight surface water samples were collected from different directions (west, east, and south) around Sirte City during the Winter season, from January to March 2016. The overall findings revealed mean to all directions of water quality parameters as follows: pH 7.37, TDS 7419.9 mg/L, salinity 8.91 mg/L, EC 10.2 µS/cm, Na 225 mg/L, K 30.0 mg/L, and total hardness (TH) 11.4 mg/L. The results are shown for each direction separately, TDS 3324 mg/L in the south, 13663 mg/L in the west, and 5272 mg/L in the east. Similarly, the average salinity values ranged from 3.70 mg/L in the south, 16.2 mg/L in the west, to 6.80 mg/L in the east. The results further indicated that the average pH, conductivity, and metal concentrations were highest in the western wells of Sirte City compared to the eastern and southern wells. The average TH values were 6.57 mg/L in the south, 13.5 mg/L in the west, and 14.1 mg/L in the east. Additionally, the concentrations of heavy metals in the studied samples were below the detection limits of the measurement devices used. Notably, the lowest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the southern and middle-western regions, while the highest concentrations were observed in the eastern region. Furthermore, it was observed that the water samples from the western direction were the most saline, whereas those from the eastern and southern directions were less saline.The all results above were increasing than permissible limit According to World Health Organization specifications . The results of this study suggest that all collected surface water samples from the Sirte region are natural and acceptable for livestock and agricultural use, as well as for cleaning purposes. However, simple treatment is necessary to make the water suitable for human consumption, particularly when compared to WHO and Libyan water quality standards.
Histopathological Spectrum of Urinary Bladder Lesions in Patients at the Sirte Oncology Center
Introduction: There are various common non neoplastic and neoplastic (benign and malignant) lesions of urinary bladder. They are common causes for worldwide morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to study the histopathology spectrum of different urinary bladder lesions. Material and Methods: The current retrospective study included all reported cases of the received urinary bladder specimens in pathology department at Sirte Oncology Center. Results: Majority of 49 studied cases were males (87.8%). Out of which, 67.4% were neoplastic lesions with predominance of invasive urothelial tumors (63.6%), whereas 28.6% of cases were non neoplastic lesions. Inflammatory lesions (78.6%) formed the bulk amongst the non neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: The present study showed male predominance with the most encountered urinary bladder lesions are neoplastic lesions of urothelial origin. The majority of urothelial tumor are invasive cancer than non invasive type of urothelial carcinoma.
Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) Dehydration by Petroleum Fluids
Water production increases and oil sweep efficiency decreases as a reservoir matures. This water production can be produced from an injection or/and production wells. Water production can be the reason of decreasing and/or increasing oil production on the well operation cost. In the oil industry a lot of oil companies are using Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) to improve oil production and decrease water production. When SAP mixed with water, it can absorb more than one hundred times their orginal weight. This research was accompanied to study SAP dehydration effect on oil production wells. This work used LiquiBlock’s AT-03S with a mesh of 35-60 (250-500 microns), and LiquiBlock’s 2G-110 with a mesh of 60-120 (125-250 microns). The selected polymers were formed using different particle sizes and brine concentrations. To create a brine of particular salinity, different brine concentrations were prepared by mixing deionized (DI) water with Calcium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, and a mixture of both Sodium Chloride and Calcium Chloride. Venous oil samples used for this work (Black oil, medium oil, and mineral oil). Oil was added to the solution after allowing the polymers to fully swell in brine, which was then agitated and allowed to settle. This research also investigated the effects of temperature on SAP swollen and dehydration. In conclusion, oil dehydration affected the swelling ratio of the polymer. The results of this work can help to select the best polymer which can be used for water shut-off treatment and improve oil recovery on mature reservoirs.
Estimation Of Water Saturation Use Well Logs Technique In X Oil Wells, By TECH-LOG 2015 Software
The aim of this study is to analyze water levels in the X oil field in Libya, with a particular focus on reducing unwanted water production and enhancing oil recovery. Petrophysical data extracted from well logs, including Gamma Ray, Spontaneous Potential, Sonic, Bulk Density, and Deep Induction Resistivity, were used to analyze two selected wells. The analysis concentrated on determining the average depths of water occurrence zones and evaluating their corresponding water saturation levels. The results of the analysis indicate the presence of water at approximately 8830 feet, with water saturation levels varying between wells, ranging from 0.14% to 0.94%. The interpretation of the log readings, using the cross-plot method for each well, was performed using Schlumberger Tech-log 2015 software. The shale volume was determined based on the gamma ray log and the results showed that the Shale volume in the Wells formation ranges from about 17% to 40 % and this value increases toward the top of the formation. By identifying these depths and water entry zones, the study provides insights into water control techniques that can be implemented to improve well productivity and extend the productive life of wells.
Modeling of Liquid Film Behavior in Serpentine Pipe Geometry
This study investigates the behavior of liquid film thickness along a flow system under varying gas and liquid velocities. The collected data from film probes positioned at various locations of the test facility, were matched with different experimental works using the available models. It was obviously observed that the majority of published correlations didn’t present good accuracy for the data of this study, where the pipe diameter is relatively large (i.d.=101.6 mm). However, these models gave better predictions for the data of small-sized pipes (i.d. ≤ 50 mm). Due to this reason, it was necessary to modify some of the published models in order to be fit for all pipe diameters. The modified models were applied for the experimental data of the current study and for those available in a literature which presented accurate results for estimation of liquid film characteristics.
The effect of Solar Systems Connecting on water heating production
The study is based on taking advantage of high solar radiation the possibility of applying parabolic cutting technology to produce steam in various thermal uses and proposes to captures a large portion of the diffuse solar radiation in addition to the direct component with a concentration rate of up to 92%. A computational model has been developed to assist in the design of two solar parabolic dishes. The solar parabolic dish was fabricated at Sirte University; an experimental investigation was carried out to verify its operation under outdoor test conditions. The glass dish test was carried out on 10th June 2020, from morning 07:00 to 17:00. Under this condition, measure the maximum outlet temperature of 96.7 0C, and solar radiation was 1005 W/m2. The aluminum dish test was carried out on the 11th june 2020, from 08:00 to 17:00. Under this condition, measure the maximum outlet temperature of 78˚C was reached with radiation 1050.5 W/m2. The absorber tube is a pipe placed at the focal line of each dish. The parallel and series connection configuration of the system investigated to evaluate the arrangement type's effect on the thermal performance. It has been found that the thermal performance in series connection is higher than the parallel connection; it takes longer time than the parallel connection to absorb the heat. The maximum outlet temperature for series and parallel connections are 99 0C and 93 0C respectively when flow rate 3 LPM.
energy output and solar system connections
Spectroscopic Study of Hydrazone-based Ligands as Calorimetric Reagents for Acetate Anion
This study focuses on investigating the chromogenic properties of hydrazone compounds derived from the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) with salicyaldehyde and 2-hydroxyacetophenone for anion recognition. Two chromogenic ligands, 2-[[2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone]methyl]phenol (L1) and 1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) (L2), were synthesized and characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy. The complexation abilities of these ligands towards various anions (acetate, chloride, carbonate, nitrate, fluoride, iodide, sulphite) were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Both ligands showed higher selectivity towards the acetate anion in DMSO compared to the other anions. The complexes exhibited maximum absorptions (λmax) at 502 nm and 499 nm for L1 and L2, respectively. The Job plot results showed a 1:1 stoichiometry between the ligands and the acetate anion. The stability constants for both complexes were found to be 3.77×10-8 and 9.0 ×10-8, respectively. No significant interference from other anions on the complexes was observed.
Assessment of Common Oil Viscosity Correlations for Libyan Crude Oils
Reservoir oil viscosity plays a key role in the design and optimization of injection/production strategies and surface facilities for efficient reservoir management. The direct measurement method to determine the viscosity of the reservoir fluid involves reservoir fluid sampling, which is costly and frequently unavailable. In the absence of experimentally measured properties of crude oils, the petroleum engineer must determine the properties from empirically derived correlations. The main aim of this paper is to test several well-known viscosity correlations against a new dataset collected from different Libyan crudes. Statistical analyses and graphical methods have been used simultaneously to evaluate the performance and accuracy of each correlation. For dead oil viscosities, none of the available correlations yielded satisfactory results and exhibited high errors; however, the Ng and Egbogah (1983) and Beggs-Robinson (1975) correlations have the lower errors with AAPE% of 31.18 and 33.66, respectively. For live oil viscosities, the Beggs-Robinson correlation (1975) proved to be more accurate than the others, with AAPE% of 20.17 and 24.96, respectively. Labedi (1982) and Khan et al. (1987) for undersaturated oil viscosity are the most reliable correlation equations among published correlations, with AAPE% of 3.01 and 3.60, respectively.
Design of Microwave Cavity for Heating Applications
Much attention has been given to microwave technology due to their ability of reducing carbon emissions during heating in manufacturing operations. In comparison to conventional heating techniques, microwaves provide a number of benefits, such as faster heating, less thermal damage, and environmentally friendly processes. Heating must be consistent and effective for the use of microwaves in manufacturing process. In this paper, microwave cavity applicator was designed and simulated for heating applications. The cavity designed at frequency of 900 MHz to be accomplished to contain large size of samples. Distribution of the fields inside the cavity and the heating efficiency were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software.
uniform heating; high heating efficiency
The Implementation of Fuzzy Logic and Fast Fourier Transformation in Image Processing (Linear & Non-Linear Filters)
Fuzzy logic has several impacts on our daily life, and also offers a solution of non-linear problem of real world; expert systems and artificial intelligence. The use of fuzzy logic provides flexibility which is perfect for development of computer vision and image processing technologies. Image processing is a technique for adding effects to an image, obtaining an improved image, or obtaining some relevant information. The Fourier transform has a wide range of industrial applications, but it makes a significant contribution to image processing domains including image enhancement and restoration. This paper introduces applying the frequency domain (Fourier transform) and Spatial domain in image processing. The work divided to three main sections, the first section views literature review of Fuzzy logic, applications of fuzzy logic .Fast Fourier transform. The second section presents image processing; includes Frequency and spatial domain. Spatial domain proposes some selected filters (linear and non-linear). Frequency domain displays Fast Fourier transform equations to convert the processed data to fuzzy representation. Particularly Fourier theory of image processing procedures implemented using “MATLAB” software. The final section concluded the results and conclusion.
Comparative Analysis of Picocell and Femtocell Performance Utilizing Various Propagation Models
This study provides an in-depth comparison of picocells and femtocells within 4G networks, employing various propagation models. Using both empirical and deterministic methodologies, the investigation thoroughly explores signal propagation, coverage, and capacity aspects of small cell deployments across different environmental conditions. Leveraging insights from multiple propagation models, the research elucidates the effectiveness of picocells and femtocells in urban, suburban, and rural settings. Crucially, these findings, obtained through a user-friendly GUI developed with MATLAB, offer valuable guidance for refining small cell network design and deployment strategies in 4G environments. This contributes significantly to ongoing discussions on optimizing small cell networks, underlining the importance of tailored approaches for efficient deployment and operation across diverse environmental landscapes.
Sealer adaptation in the dentinal tubules: a scanning electron microscopic study
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of 3 different endodontic sealers to the root canal wall using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methods: Thirty extracted human single-rooted teeth were randomly classified into three equal main groups according to the type of sealer used: Tech Biosealer Endo, Flavonoid-based experimental sealer and MTA-Fillapex sealer. All root canals in this study were obturated with gutta-percha using lateral condensation technique after preparing mix from each tested sealer. The samples were examined under SEM to determine two main aspects: Gap and Interface. Results: The result indicated that Tech Biosealer Endo had shown the best adaptation to canal walls at all root levels, followed by the MTA-Fillapex, and the most diminutive adaptation was seen in the Flavonoid-based experimental sealer. SEM showed the best adaptation for all tested sealers to root dentin was at the middle root level, followed by the apical root level, while the coronal root level showed the worst adaptation (p<.05). Conclusions: SEM analysis indicated that among the tested sealers, Tech Biosealer Endo achieved the best overall adaptability to root dentin, particularly at the middle root level. This suggests that sealer composition significantly influences the quality of the interface between the sealer and root canal walls, impacting the potential for successful endodontic treatment outcomes.
Effect of Poultry Manure (litter) and Seagrass (Posidonia oceanic) Extract on Enhancing Pepper Plant Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
This study was conducted in the area of 27 East Sirte in 2022 to investigate the impact of different levels of poultry manure (poultry litter) extract (50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml per irrigation process) and levels of Posidonia oceanic seagrass extract (50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml) on enhancing resistance of pepper plants grown in pots to Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). The results indicated a decrease in the severity of infection compared to the control. The infection rate in the control sample was 55%, while the lowest infection rate was observed with the treatment of 150 ml of poultry manure, showing a 13% infection rate. Seagrass extract treatments also demonstrated a significant impact on infection severity, with a decrease of 47%, 40%, and 36% for 50 ml, 100 ml, and 150 ml of seagrass extract, respectively. Overall, the addition of organic fertilizer to the soil led to improved resistance against CMV infection and stimulated growth in pepper plants. Application of organic fertilizer in agricultural soil is considered a practical method to mitigate the impact of climate change, improve plant productivity, and enhance disease tolerance for sustainable agriculture
Influence of E-Glass Fiber on the Properties of Fresh &Hardened Concrete
Concrete is a composite material consist of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water. This material reigns supreme in the construction industry, captivating builders with its exceptional compressive strength, unwavering durability, and boundless versatility. Plain concrete has a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. To enhance mechanical properties of concrete (compressive strength, tensile strength usually added fibers to it. Researchers are cheering the addition of fibers to various materials. This research discusses the effects of E- glass fibers on the mechanical properties and workability of concrete. Experimental programmer consists of conducting compressive strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength and workability of concrete containing varying proportions of E-glass fiber. In our research we used the E-Glass fibers at different percentages as 0%.0.2%,0.4%.0.6% by the volume of fracture on C30 grade of mix proportion (1: 3: 1.8) with water cement ratio 0.56. From the results of experiments turns out that the Adding 0.2% glass fibers to concrete significantly improves its flexural strength (11.7%) and slightly boosts compressive (4.4%) and splitting tensile (6.16%) strength at 28 days. GFRC specimens also exhibit more resilient behavior under testing compared to plain concrete. However, workability declines with increasing fiber content
Oxidative Stress in Brain Induced by Artificial Sweetener (Saccharin) and the Possible Influence of the Coenzyme Q 10 in Male Rats.
: Food additives draw in customers, enhance food quality, help people lose weight, and substitute sugar in food—all while having a potentially harmful impact on the health of both adults and children. Aim: To look into the negative effects of saccharin (Sac) on oxidative stress in brain tissue and determine the protective effects of CoQ10 on brain tissue. Methods: Six groups of ten rats each were created out of the sixty rats. 1st control group, 2nd treated with 20 mg/kg of CoQ10 b.wt. 3rd treated with Sac 1/10 LD50, 4th treated with Sac 1/20 LD50, 5th treated with Sac 1/10 LD50 plus CoQ10 and 6th treated with Sac 1/20 LD50 plus CoQ10. Sac and CoQ10 were taken orally for a duration of thirty days. Then brain oxidative stress tests were performed. Results: Saccharin at both low and high dosages showed a notable rise in brain oxidative markers (GSSG, NO and 8OHDG) in contrast to the group under authority. However, in contrast, CoQ10 supplementation reduced brain oxidative markers (GSSG, NO and 8OHDG) compared to Sac groups and nearly recovery in comparison with a control cohort. Conclusions:It is possible to draw the conclusion that saccharin has negative effects on brain tissue and raises oxidative indicators both at low and high dosages. However, applications of CoQ10 showed reduction in brain oxidative stress markers and protection from oxidative damage.
The protective effects of rutin and stem cells against the kidney function changes induced by paracetamol in rats.
The aim of study was the evaluation of proficiency of rutin and stem cells on the kidney function changes induced by paracetamol in rats. 70 male rats were divided into two main studies. Primary study was used twenty young rats used as a source of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Secondary study were used fifty adult male rats which divided into 5 groups: Group (1) control group; group (2) were administrated of PCM (750 mg/kg b.w./every 72h) orally for 21 days, then left for 30 and 60 days without treatment, group (3) were administrated of PCM for 21 days then, treated with rutin (25mg/kg b.w/d) for 30 and 60 days, group (4) were administrated of PCM for 21 days then, the rats were injected by BM-MSCs (1.5x 106 cells in 0.5 PBS) in the tail vein for 30 and 60 days, and group (5) were administrated of PCM for 21 days then, the rats were injected by BM-MSCs in the tail vein, then treated with rutin for 30 and 60 days. PCM administration significantly increased the creatinine, urea levels with decreasing the albumin level when compared with normal rats at 30 and 60 days. While, rats treated with Q-3-R and MSCs showed a significant decrease in the creatinine, urea levels with increasing the albumin level when compared with PCM rats at 30 and 60 days. The rutin and BM-MSCs have the effects of the antioxidant activities, anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration on the PCM-induced kidney toxicity in rats.
The Occurrence and Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Frozen Fishes from the Local Market
Study of the levels of thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the muscles, liver and gills of 5 frozen fish species from the Libyan market. Gas chromatographic analysis were employed for PAHs determination. Observed mean PAHs levels in the samples ranged from below detection limit (BD) of analytical instrument to 35.7 ng.g-1 in seriala dumerili, from BD to 30.5 ng. g-1 in pagellus acarne , from BD to 24.7 ng. g-1 in Mullus barbatus. From BD to 27.9 ng. g-1 in pagellus bogaraveo and from BD to 28.0 ng.g-1 in Gilthead seabream. chrysene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene in a detectable concentration ranging from 0.35 ngg-1 in the muscles of seriala dumerili to 4.81 ngg-1 in the gills of pagellus acarne.
Nickel (II) Biosorption from Aqueous Solution by Unmodified Eucalyptus Myrtaceae Leaves
The present work investigated the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto the surface of Eucalyptus Myrtaceae leaves (EMLs) as a cheap and ecofriendly biomass adsorbent. The plant leaves were used as raw material without any chemical treatments. The parameters impacting Ni(II) adsorption onto EMLs such as contact time, EMLs dose, initial pH, initial Ni(II) concentration and temperature were investigated. Results showed that the removal of Ni(II) cations from aqueous solution are depended on adsorbent dose, time contact, pH and initial ion concentration. The equilibrium data had been fitted very well with Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.9990) and pseudo-second-order model for kinetic studies (R2=0.9773). The adsorbed Ni(II) onto EMLs would initialized in 10 min and then the system approached equilibrium within 70 min. The amount of Ni(II) removal was found dependent upon the adsorbent dose and the pH of the initial solution. The optimum pH required for maximum Ni(II) adsorption was 5.5 with the adsorption efficiency equals to 78.1% and adsorption capacity of 7.59 mg/g.
Experimental Study of Faults Arising on a DC Brushed Shunt Motor
Faults do sometimes occur in direct current (DC) electrical machines result in a very costly downtime and safety concerns. Brushed type DC motors are cheap and easy to install, thus maintain a significant presence in the automotive, aerospace, and home appliance industries. Despite the popularity, faults occur which make analysis and detection of faults very important. Since there are many types of machines and each type has its own behavior when a fault developed, so that only with considerable experience can the cause of failure be correctly identified from the symptoms alone. In this paper a various faults mechanisms of brushed DC shunt motor are presented experimentally. Experimental results demonstrated how DC shunt motor are affected by various faults during the operation. The experiment results can be used to prove the validity of any method for modelling based fault diagnosis, detection and fault confirmation in DC motor, especially in the laboratories that have shortage in equipment.