SUSJ is a scientific refereed journal issued on behalf of Sirte University in a number of issues throughout the year interested in publishing research and documented studies in the field of applied sciences for university faculty members and other universities from inside and outside Libya. The views expressed in the publication are the individual opinion of the author(s) and they neither represents nor reflect the opinion of the editor and editorial board or Sirte University. https://doi.org/10.37375/1575
Evaluation of the Quality of Bottled Water Available in Benghazi, Libya
Water quality indices serve as effective tool for evaluating overall water quality. They are beneficial for decision- makers, stakeholders, and individuals lacking extensive expertise in the numerous parameters that define water quality. This study evaluates the quality of drinking water by employing the weighted arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) method, utilizing various physicochemical parameters from five different brands of bottled water available in Benghazi City, Libya. The WQI was calculated for the 14 physicochemical parameters (EC, TDS, pH, total hardness, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, Bicarbonate HCO3-, sulphate, NTU, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, and Na+). All brands demonstrated excellent quality of drinking water as indicated by their Water Quality Index (WQI) values.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of treating broad bean seeds with fungicides on germination and plant growth
The current study was carried out in a laboratory and a greenhouse at the Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Sirte, during the 2024/2025 season, to determine the effects of soaking faba beans in four different fungicides (Moncerin 25%, Topsin–M70, Rizolex-T50%, and Vitavax-200) on germination percentage and some morphological traits of faba beans under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. These treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The laboratory results showed that the Moncerin 25% fungicide achieved the highest values of faba bean germination percentage after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, followed by Topsin–M70, while the control treatment had the lowest germination percentage values. Furthermore, compared to the control, which recorded lower values of seed dressing germination percentage, Vitavax-200 recorded the highest dressing germination percentage after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, followed by Moncerin 25% and Rizolex -T50%. This was true for all fungicides tested. However, in a greenhouse, seed soaking with 25% Moncerin, Rizolex T50%, and Topsin-M70 had a highly significant impact on shoot length, number of leaves, and fresh weight. Furthermore, compared to Rizolex T50% and Moncerin 25%, the germination percentage of faba bean seed soaking was greater with Vitavax-200, Topsin-M70 (83%), and control.
The Prevalence and Association of Micronutrient Deficiencies with Hair Loss in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Hair loss is one of the most frequent dermatological complaints that causes significant stress not only for adult patients but also for children and adolescents and their families. Since the latter are more prone to metabolic deficiencies, the association between this complaint and micronutrient deficiencies is worth evaluating. This study did not explore the prevalence of the disease among the specified age group but only found the association between micronutrient deficiency (vitamin D and iron) among the selected study sample. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study, the study sample was taken from a dermatology clinic in the city of Sirte – Libya, over a time period of 6 months, patients were selected according to their clinical presentation (two main complaints: hair loss and alopecia areata) and according to age (from birth to 15 years old), after careful history, clinical examination and investigations, a total of 35 cases were included and their serum levels of Vit D, Ferritin and calcium were registered and analyzed by SPSS program. Results: A total of 35 cases were evaluated, comprising 27 female and 8 male patients. The mean age of the participants was 11.03 years, with a median age of 12 years and a standard deviation of 3.50198. Of the cases examined, 29 patients (82.86%) reported experiencing hair loss, while 8 patients (17.14%) were diagnosed with alopecia areata. Within the hair loss group, 96.55% were found to have low levels of vitamin D, 34.48% presented with low serum calcium, and 68.97% exhibited low serum iron levels. Among the patients with alopecia areata, 83.3% had a deficiency in vitamin D, 50% had hypocalcemia, and 100% exhibited iron deficiency. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies associated with hair loss and alopecia areata in children and adolescents. This observation may suggest a potential etiological relationship between these deficiencies and hair-related symptoms. Nevertheless, further large-scale studies are necessary to validate this association.
Carrot Juice as a Natural Adjuvant Therapy: Amelioration of Cisplatin-Induced Testicular and Epididymal Histoarchitectural Disruption
Background: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent known for its efficacy against various solid tumors. However, its use is limited by significant adverse effects, particularly testicular toxicity, which can impair spermatogenesis and male fertility. Cisplatin-induced testicular damage is primarily mediated through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Natural antioxidants have garnered attention for their potential to counteract such toxicity. Carrot (Daucus carota) is rich in β-carotene and polyphenols, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the histoprotective effects of fresh carrot juice on cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rabbits, focusing on the preservation of testicular architecture and mitigation of histopathological alterations. Methods: Fifteen adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control, cisplatin-treated, and carrot juice + cisplatin. Carrot juice (5 mL/kg/day) was administered orally for four days before and three days after a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg). Testicular and epididymal tissues were harvested and processed for histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Observations were made under light microscopy, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Histological analysis revealed that cisplatin treatment induced marked testicular damage, including degeneration of seminiferous tubules, loss of germ cells, interstitial edema, and disrupted Leydig cell morphology. In contrast, the group pre-treated and post-treated with carrot juice exhibited significant preservation of testicular architecture, with reduced germ cell loss, minimal tubular degeneration, and relatively intact Leydig and Sertoli cells. Epididymal epithelium and sperm maturation structures also appeared better preserved in the carrot-treated group. Conclusion: Fresh carrot juice demonstrated a protective effect against cisplatin-induced testicular histopathological alterations, likely through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings support the potential use of carrot-derived bioactive compounds as adjuvants to reduce chemotherapeutic gonadotoxicity and safeguard male reproductive health.
Unique Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with Pneumococcus in a Young Female Patient Attending Sirt Teaching Hospital, Libya
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an infrequent neurological disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks peripheral nerves, leading to progressive weakness, sensory disturbances, and, in severe cases, paralysis. The precise cause of GBS remains unclear, though it is often preceded by an infection. Common infectious triggers include gastrointestinal pathogens such as Campyl-obacter and respiratory infections like Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza. In this case report, we describe a 25-year-old female who presented with acute dyspnea, bilateral limb weakness, and sensory abnormalities beginning as a "pins-and-needles" sensation in her hands. Her condition rapidly progressed, culminating in septic shock due to Pneumococcus, complicated by Acute Respir-atory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Neurological evaluation confirmed the diag-nosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This case highlights a rare but significant as-sociation between pneumococcal infection and GBS, emphasizing the complexity of its clinical presentation.
A study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among respiratory patients coming to the center for infections and Endemic Diseases in Sirte city, Libya between 2018 and 2023
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Libya has an incidence rate of 53 cases per 100,000 population, but there is no information about other regions, especially from Sirte. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among respiratory patients in Sirte (2018–2023) to address this gap. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on some respiratory patients attending the National Center for Control of Communicable and Endemic Diseases in Sirte, Libya. It included 136 patients . Ziehl-Nielsen stain and the GeneXpert test were used to examine sputum and make the diagnosis. Using SPSS, demographic and clinical data were analyzed, and associations were found using chi-square tests. RESULTS: This study found an 8.08% TB prevalence (11/136 cases), with higher rates in females (13%) than males (5%) (P>0.5). The age group from 16 - 26 years showed the most widespread occurrence at 45.45% and the group from 26 - 37 years demonstrated 31.25% prevalence. The reported cases did not include children between 5 - 15 years old or adults from 58-67years. All infections were recorded among Libyan nationals, with no notable differences based on nationality (P>0.5). The highest prevalence rate of 45.45% appeared in the age group between 16 and 26 years old. Following this group were people between 26 and 37 years old showing a 31.25% occurrence. No instances of this condition were documented in children between the ages of. CONCLUSION: The results indicate an 8.08% prevalence of tuberculosis in patients. These results found an 8.08% tuberculosis (TB) prevalence in patients which occurred at greater percentages among young adults and Libyan nationals. Although statistical significance was not reached about gender and nationality differences, the detected patterns point to potential sociodemographic impacts. The research underscores the requirement to develop better screening methods and implement targeted public health projects while establishing complete surveillance systems that will enhance tuberculosis control in Libya.
Outcomes of 52 cases of surgical mesh repair for paraumbilical hernias
Background: The literature stated that para-umbilical hernias of less than 2cm in diameter could undergo primary suture closure. Mesh repair is preferred for defects greater than 2 cm in diameter. The objective of the study was to assess the result of para-umbilical hernia repair with proline mesh regardless of the size. Patient and Methods: We present a retrospective study of patients with para-umbilical hernia treated with onlay mesh placement and followed for 1–4years. Various factors including sociodemographic data of patients, post-operative complications, morbidity and mortality were examined. Results: The median age of the 52 patients in the series was 46 years old, with ages ranging from 23 to 77. (28.7) was the mean body mass index. Of the 44 female patients, 35 (79.5%) were multipara. Nine cases (17.3%) had recurrent hernias, while 43 cases (82.6%) presented for the first time. 35 patients (67.3%) had a hernia size > 2 cm, while 17 patients (32.6%) had a hernia defect ≤2 cm. Five patients (9.6%) had superficial surgical site infections. Two female patients (3.8%) had seroma. After two years, one patient (1.9%) had a recurrence hernia. Conclusion: All sizes of paraumbilical hernias can be repaired using mesh onlay surgery, which also has a low recurrence rate and equivalent rates of morbidity and recurrence to international standards.
Prevention, early detection and treatment of breast cancer in Benghazi-Libya: Patients’ points of view: A qualitative study
Programs focusing on prevention, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer (BC) are crucial for enhancing survival rates, improving quality of life, reducing morbidity and mortality. Patients’ experiences play important role in detecting gaps in present programs help creating and executing initiatives that raise awareness about risk factors, promote screenings, and ensure early detection and effective management of BC. Aim of the study: - Explore patients’ experiences and knowledge. - Address use of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), screening programs. - Describe financial burden of BC management. Participants and method: Qualitative study during January- March 2022, at Benghazi Medical Center. 31 patients participated. In-depth interviews conducted, recorded. Familiarizations of data, coding, identifying thematic framework, indexing, charting, mapping, interpretation and reporting findings. Results: Half the sample were below fifty, no family history of BC, one-third of patients discovered by (BSE). Two themes developed: 1) Prevention, Education and Early detection: patients lack scientific knowledge of BC risk factors and causes. Two-thirds of patients never applied BSE. Most cases diagnosed in advanced stages. Lack of communication between healthcare providers and patients led to late detection. 2) Diagnosis, treatment and support: public health financing programs inadequacy, medical system weakness led to delay in diagnosis and treatment. Lack of fundings caused out of pockets spending, (catastrophic spending). Need of patient groups to provide medical, psychological and social support. Conclusion: Urgent need to improve screening and diagnosis, treatment and palliative care of BC patients. Need to develop organized frameworks and management guidelines for prevention, early detection and management of BC in Libya.
Time effects on deflection of reinforced concrete beams with large web opening
The objective of the present study is to elucidate the influence of creep and shrinkage on the long-term deflection of reinforced concrete beams that contain a large opening in the web under service sustained loads while also providing practical equations for the design of deflection in reinforced concrete structures predicated on linear creep theory. To achieve this, the simplified equations used in the present EC2, ACI code, and ACI435 are rigorously evaluated and contrasted. In addition, 4RC simply supported reinforced concrete beams (3RC beams with large web opening and 1RC beam without opening) under sustained mid-span load were made and tested, to validate the proposed method. The proposed method, based on a new simplified curvature coefficient, is found simple to use, amenable to programming on compact calculators, and exhibits a high degree of concordance with empirical results, thus, it is concluded that the proposed equations possess a suitable level of practicality for adoption in practice.
A Comparison between steam injection and combined cycle power plant using exergy analysis
The objective of this paper aims is to analyze the performance of a Siemens GT5-2000E gas power plant in West Tripoli using steam injection and combined cycle technologies from an exergy perspective to evaluate energy conversion efficiency and reduce thermal losses. The study relies on real operational data from the power plant. Two gas turbine units were simulated using Aspen Plus to apply the steam injection and combined cycle techniques, while an exergy analysis using the operational data of each system component was performed using Excel. The results showed that the steam injection and combined cycle technologies achieved different exergy efficiencies compared to a standard cycle gas turbine. The exergy efficiency of the two gas units in the conventional cycle was 55.19%. After applying the steam injection technique, the exergy efficiency increased to 74.82% at 15°C, reflecting an improvement of 35.6% compared to the conventional cycle. In contrast, the combined cycle technique recorded an exergy efficiency of 49.10%, representing a lower improvement of 10.1% compared to the conventional cycle. Exergy analysis also revealed that the combustion chamber was the largest contributor to exergy destruction in all cases, accounting for 40–50% of total losses. It can be concluded that the steam injection technique represents the most efficient option from an exergy perspective, as it achieves the highest improvement in energy conversion efficiency and the lowest energy losses compared to the combined cycle and the conventional cycle gas units.
ESP PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION BY USING PIPESIM
Artificial lift systems are among the most extensively employed production methods. Lift methods are required to facilitate production in wells that cannot produce liquids to the surface under their pressure. One of the important types of artificial lift methods, which is lowers the producing bottom hole pressure on the formation to obtain a higher production rate from the well. It is an efficient and reliable method for lifting moderate to high volumes of fluids from wellbores. This study aims to design & Simulate an Electrical submersible pump by using PIPESIM software also to change WC, GOR and Tubing size to observe the effects of each one of them on the ESP design and on production system. The input data from the Nafoora oil field that is operated by the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO) a subsidiary of the state owned national oil corporations (NOC).
Antimutagenic effects of the ginger extract of reducing chromosomal mutation induced by cyclophosphamide in male rats
The drug cyclophosphamide (CP) has harmful genetic effects when used with a dose of 5 mg/kg body mass. For this reason, this study was carried out to determine these harmful effects and try to reduce these effects by using the metabolic extract of ginger. Chemotherapeutic treatments are linked to a variety of undesirable outcomes, the most dangerous of which are mutagenesis acts. To measure the possible anti-mutagenic and ginger extract's ability to prevent chromosomal abnormality in bone marrow cells. Four groups, each with seven animals, were used in the experiment. The first group, the control group, consisted of negative control rats fed a regular meal and purified water. In contrast, the second group was given oral cyclophosphamide at a daily amount of 5 mg/kg body mass for four weeks. The third group (the test group), for the duration of four weeks, received 200 mg of ginger extract per kilogram of body weight every day. The fourth group, the protective group, received two phases of treatment: first, 200 mg/kg body mass of ginger extract was given, and then, two hours later, cp (5 mg/kg body mass daily) was received verbally for four weeks. In the CP group, notable changes existed in the chromosome genes of the somatic and mitotic index and an increased frequency of chromosomal changes in terms of structure and number. These results describe the chromosomal effects of CP free radicals. Chromosome aberration is reduced in comparison to the test group when ginger extract is used; chromosomes in bone marrow cells are negatively impacted by CP. Chromosomal studies in bone marrow cells of rats indicate that the CP at 5mg/Kg causes an increase in the level of chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations include ring chromosomes, breaks in the chromosomes and chromatids and in the centromere region, and other aberrations. However, when the ginger extract was given before the CP, the level of chromosomal aberration defects was reduced in comparison with the positive control. The current study concludes that the ginger extract had an anti-mutagenic effect when given at the dose of 200g /Kg before the CP. It can be used as a protective and therapeutic treatment agent since it has a preventive effect against the mutagenic effects of CP.
The Impact of Gamma Radiation on Aluminum Alloy Thermal Conductivity Alumina Composite 6063
The thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy 6063 alloy reinforced with alumina particles was studied. Aluminum alloy 6063 alloy matrix composites reinforced with varying weight percentage of alumina particles (0, 3, 5, 7) were prepared using the stir casting technique. Under normal circumstances (before to irradiation), the thermal conductivity tests were performed for every weight percentage. Because of the reinforcement material, we observe that the values of thermal conductivity drop as the weight % increases. Following exposure to gamma rays emitted from cesium, which has a half-life of 30.04 years and an emitted energy of 662 KeV, tests of thermal conductivity are conducted. When compared to thermal conductivity readings under normal circumstances, the results indicate a drop in thermal conductivity levels following irradiation. The thermal conductivity of the developed composites was analyses and compared with the matrix alloy. The experimental results showed that the composition ratio of reinforcement and gamma radiation influenced the structure of aluminum alloy 6063 alloy through homogeneously dispersed within the matrix and point defect. It can be leading to destroyed in thermal conductivity.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Microbial Profile of Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatric Population
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in childhood. This study aimed to determine the clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, risk factors, and etiology of symptomatic UTIs in pediatric patients admitted to Tobruk Medical Center, with a focus on age and sex differences. The study was designed as a retrospective analysis and included data from 1 January to 31 December 2023. A total of 84 patients were included in the study. In terms of sex distribution, females were three times more prevalent than males, accounting for 77.4% of cases compared to 22.6% for males. The observed clinical presentations were as follows: dysuria (18%), suprapubic pain (17.2%), vomiting (17.2%), fever (15.2%), urinary frequency (15.2%), urgency (9.3%), and hematuria (7.8%). The age distribution of participants was as follows: 46% were between 3 and 4 years old, 40% were between 5 and 8 years old, 9.5% were between 9 and 12 years old, and 3.6% were over 12 years old.
Bacterial Species Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Tobruk, Libya: A Contemporary Epidemiological and Analytical Investigation
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain among the most prevalent bacterial infections worldwide, posing significant clinical and economic burdens. This study aims to assess the contemporary distribution of uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among patients in Tobruk, Libya. A total of 200 urine samples were collected from symptomatic patients in 2021 at Al-Shifa Medical Center. The findings indicate that Staphylococcus aureus (33.6%) was the predominant isolate, followed by Escherichia coli (31.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (26.2%). This deviates from the global norm, where E. coli is typically dominant. Females were significantly more affected (82.1%) than males (17.9%), and high infection rates were observed among children, young adults, and the elderly. These trends underscore the importance of regional surveillance, evidence-based antibiotic policies, and targeted public health strategies to manage UTIs effectively. Keywords: Urinary tract infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, Tobruk, Libya. Objectives- To identify the most frequently isolated bacterial species responsible for UTIs in Tobruk, Libya.- To analyze the distribution of UTI cases by gender and age group.- To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolated pathogens.
Evaluation of the effect of wet cupping on blood pressure and some blood parameters in hypertensive patients in Sirte city.
Cupping is an olden method that is at this time used as an alternative treatment for a wide variety of medical conditions. It has traditionally been used in various cultures and popular treatment in Arab and Islamic countries to relieve pain, removing toxins, and improving blood circulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wet cupping and to confirm its role in positively affecting patients with hypertension in some of their blood parameters. 18 samples of patients with hypertension, aged between 21-62 years (10 males and 8 females) who visited the Modern Medical Cupping Center in Sirte were used in this study. Samples were collected from December 23, 2023, to January 25, 2024. Blood samples were collected from the veins of patients before and after cupping (10 days after the cupping). Two blood samples were collected from each patient, and serum samples were tested for blood parameters and biochemical indicators, including hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets (PLT), creatinine (CREA), urea (BU), triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (BG) and cholesterol (CHOL). Additionally, blood pressure measurements were also taken before and after cupping. The results presented a decrease in both blood systolic and diastolic pressure after cupping in both males and females, with statistical significance observed in males. There was a significant decrease in urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood sugar levels in male patients after cupping (P>0.05), but an increase in platelet count after cupping. In female patients, cholesterol and blood sugar levels also decreased compared to pre-cupping values, with a higher MID% observed after cupping. In brief, cupping can be considered an alternative treatment method to medications through its role in regulating blood pressure and glucose levels, thus reducing the risk of heart and arterial diseases..
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediments of the Gulf of Tobruk, Eastern Libya: Implications for Human Health
Globally, contaminated water and sediment provide serious threats to human health and the environment. Aquatic ecosystems and sediments are impacted by pollutants that enter water bodies through municipal wastewater, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification result from the accumulation of heavy metals, herbicides, and industrial pollutants in sediments. Carcinogenic, neurotoxic, and reproductive effects are caused by human exposure by ingesting, inhalation, and skin contact. Eight samples were taken from four significant locations in the Gulf of Tobruk to assess the level of pollution in the area: four surface water samples and four sediment samples. Specific of the heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd, had their concentrations measured. The results showed that Zinc, iron, and cadmium levels in water were high, and all heavy elements—Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd—were above the WHO allowable limit in both surface water and sediments. This provides an indication that the Gulf of Tobruk is totally contaminated, unsuitable for a variety of activity uses, and hazardous to human health.
Investigations of genitourinary candida infections of patients women attending gynecology clinic at sirte clinics complex, Sirte city, Libya
Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection that occurs due to yeasts of the genus Candida, which infects target immobilized individuals with a diminished immune system. It causes infections in the urinary and reproductive systems and is known to be responsible for genital and urinary infections worldwide. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are most often responsible for the disease, and both can lead to vaginal candidiasis, including during pregnancy. Candida urinary tract infection has been on the rise in recent times, particularly among the hospitalised patients. Often, those people who undergo catheterization suffer from candiduria. In case the vaginal candidiasis is left untreated, then severe complications such as placental inflammation, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and even miscarriage may occur. Aim of study: This study aims to estimate the incidence of genitourinary fungal candidiasis among patients women attending Gynecology clinic at sirte Clinics Complex and identify potential risk factors associated with this condition. Materials and Methods: Sirte, Libya was the local setting of the study which was carried out between May and July 2023.Midstream urine sample was obtained from 100 patients women attending the gynecological clinic. Socio-demographic and clinical information was gathered by means of specially developed questionnaires in a standardised form. Laboratory investigations to diagnose fungal infections in urine involve the use of centrifuges to separate and deposit samples and their components. Sediment is then collected and examined under a microscope to identify fungal cells as well as using gram stain techniques. Specifically, SPSS analytic software was used, and chi-square tests where appropriate. Results: Among 100 samples, 91% tested positive for candida infection, with the highest rates in women aged ≤24 (42.85%) and 25–34 (28.57%). Diabetes showed a significant correlation with candidiasis (83.51%, p = 0.03), and unmarried women had higher infection rates (76.92%). All infected married women had no history of abortion, but multiple pregnancies were significantly associated (p = 0.0001). Metronidazole use reduced infection rates (p < 0.0001), and common symptoms included vaginal discharge (55.55%) and pain with urination (44.44%). Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of urinary fungal infections among women in sirte during (May–June 2023), with a significant decrease in infection rates with increasing age. The infections were most common in diabetic and unmarried women, while married women with multiple pregnancies had the highest rates. These findings highlight the need for regular screenings and preventive measures. Recommendation: Taking into account the study results, it is suggested that structured screening programs for urinary fungal infections in women should be implemented , with special focus on high-risk groups, such as diabetic and pregnant women. Furthermore, public education should directed to proper hygiene, correct medication use and early medical consultation in efforts of decreasing such infections prevalence.
Determination of Heavy Metals content in Soil from Medical Waste Landfills and the Creation of Cement Capsules to Mitigate Pollution
The objective of this study is to extract specific heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr²⁺) from landfill soil and to ascertain their concentrations. Furthermore, the research involves the development of cement capsules designed to contain medical waste and to mitigate the leaching of heavy metals into the surrounding environment. The findings indicate that the concentrations of these four heavy metals in the soil remained unchanged following the implementation of the capsules for medical waste storage. This outcome suggests that the capsules are effective in containing medical waste and preventing the leaching of heavy metals into adjacent soil. This study contributes valuable awareness into the controlling of medical waste within public and private health facilities. The recent proliferation of clinics, health centers, and medical laboratories has significantly increased activities in this sector. Such expansion generates various toxic and organic wastes, which pose potential risks to the environment.
Oscillatory Solutions of Nonlinear Differential Equations of Second- Order with Variable Coefficients
The oscillation characteristic of various components has attracted considerable interest, leading to extensive research on oscillatory models in various types of differential equations. In this research, oscillation property of nonlinear second- order differential equations are analyzed. Some analytical techniques are employed to establish new oscillation conditions. In addition, some illustrative examples are provided to support the new results. Our results improve and extend many previously established results in the field.
Relationship between the students’ spatial visualisation abilities and their performance of deducing 2D-Orthographic drawing
Many researches indicated that students’ spatial ability influences their academic performance in engineering drawing and design. Significantly, a major limitation of traditional instruction is the problem of presenting three-dimensional spatial information in a two-dimensional format. Yet, there is no evidence base of how spatial ability influence the Eng-drawing learners’ practice performance. This paper investigated the effects of the spatial ability level on novice Eng-drawing learners’ practice performance in terms of shorting the learning time and increasing the drawing accuracy or not. 32 students from architecture department at the Sirte university were assigned equally into two groups regarding to their SA scores (high vs. low) to undertake specific Eng-drawing learning tasks of deducing the orthographic projection from an isometric model. The time taken and drawing accuracy were recorded. The results indicated that SA significantly related to drawing accuracy, but had little effect on learning time.
Vitamin D level and some of its related factors in a sample of women in Misurata city
The city of Misurata is considered one of the sunny areas in North Africa, and several studies have shown the vitamin D deficiency in these areas. The current study aimed to evaluate vitamin D levels in women the city of Misurata and its relationship to some factors that may be related to it. The study community includes 131 women during a four-month period from April to the end of July of the year 2022, and a questionnaire was filled out for the cases of this study to cover the special data (age, marital status, eating some foods, and health status). The vitamin levels were divided into four levels, acute deficiency ,less than 10 nanograms / ml, a deficiency between 10-20 ng / ml, an insufficiency between 21-29 ng / ml, asufficiency level of more than 30 ng / ml, and the results showed that the percentage of vitamin D deficiency in general was 88.5%, and the severe deficiency formed the highest level of vitamin D deficiency At a rate of 38.5%, while the adequate level of vitamin D did not constitute more than 11.5%, and there was a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy ( P-value < (0.05, and there was no relationship between vitamin D deficiency, age, sun exposure, some diseases, symptoms, and dietary pattern ( P-value < (0.05.We conclude through this study that vitamin D deficiency constituted a large proportion among women in the city of Misurata
Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Wind Speed Estimation A Case Study of Dernah City, Libya
Electric power is universally acknowledged as a crucial factor in enhancing living standards. As a result, safe electrical energy consumption is crucial to efficient national energy management. To do this, meticulous assessments of the electricity demand are required. Finding viable sites for turbine placement through feasibility studies and measuring local wind speeds are essential steps before establishing the plant wind power. Estimation of wind speed and simulations can be used to conduct these evaluations.. This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm to estimate wind speed for the Libyan city of Dernah. One-year data from the Libya Meteorology Center has been utilized to train, test, and validate the ANN to to predict hourly wind speed . The structure of the ANN was evaluated with neuron counts of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50, allowing us to determine the optimal number of neurons for accurate predictions. The estimation analysis was performed using results obtained from the Levenberg-Marquardt method (LMA), along with the mean square error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that the Levenberg-Marquardt method with 10 neurons performs the best, with values of 0.99661 for R2 and 0.000250 for MSE. These findings confirm that wind speeds can be calculated within reasonable bounds since they show that the estimates of wind speeds based on the scant meteorological data available nearly match the measured values.
A molecular modeling investigation using DFT studies to examine the interaction between a melanin pigment and a Buckwheat
This study presents a summary of the use of buckwheat with its melanin pigment composition in human skin. The internal energy of buckwheat, as determined by the density functional function of molecular studies using the Goussian 09 and Hyperchem 08 programs, exhibited a value that was found to be nearly identical to that of melanin, which was found to be (-1109 Hartree, -1101 Hartree), respectively. To corroborate these findings, the molar number of buckwheat was incorporated in a ratio of 1:2, resulting in a notable reduction in polar moment by 1.759730 Debye. This was accompanied by an increase in stability and a decrease in polar moment, which in turn led to a reduction in activity and a limitation of the effect of UV radiation on melanin pigment.
Extraction of Aromatic Compounds from Dorema Ammoniacum and Styrax Benzoin Resins Using Maceration Method
This study aims to create a perfume using Dorema ammoniacum, Styrax benzoin, and α-pinene. The maceration method in mineral oil was used to extract the aromatic substances from the resins at a room temperature. Both resins were grounded and soaked in mineral oil for three months. The Dorema ammoniacum resin soluble in polar solvents, so aromatic substances were extracted by soaking it in 10% ethyl alcohol for 2-3 days. The top note, α-pinene oil, a monoterpene, was purchased in its pure form and used as is. The weight percentages of the components used to prepare the aromatic formulation containing the carbopol gel are as follows: Dorema ammoniacum (Solution, 10% EtOH) (20%), Benzoin oil extract (10%), D. ammoniacum oil extract (10%), α-pinene oil (5%), Glycerin (5%), α-pinene oil (5%), 2% Carbopol® 940 Solution (5%), Polyoxyethylene sorbitan 60 (6%), Glycerol monostearate (3%), Disodium EDTA (0.2%), Sodium Salicylate (1.5%), and then the completion of the percentage with distilled water. The formulation is prepared with a total weight of 20 grams. The perfume was evaluated for its organoleptic evaluation, such as color, scent, and shape, and was found to have a distinct aroma, liquid consistency, and acceptable shape.
A Study on Evaluation of Mean and Median Imputation Methods and Their Impact on Statistical Analysis of Missing Data
In this study, we are going to evaluate the effect of employing diverse missing value imputation strategies on real datasets while conducting statistical analysis. It will concentrate on Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) data, which provides an opportunity for a thorough assessment of imputation methods. Specific methods examined were mean and median imputation plus other conventional statistical ways of treating missing data. As a result, the research underlines that adequate data management strategies are key to preserving both the credibility and accuracy of scientific analyses. This study demonstrates how Excel can be used as the primary analytical tool to give applied researchers from different areas of specialization practical guidance on method choice when faced with missing data. In the end, these results demonstrate how carefulencial efforts are essential in this field.
Spatial Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties (pH, EC, and CaCO₃%) Using the IDW Method at the Field Scale in Libyan Soil
Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate content (CaCO₃%) are important indicators of soil health and fertility, impacting nutrient availability and crop productivity. Accurate mapping of these properties is especially important in arid and semiarid regions, such as Libya, where soil salinity and alkalinity present challenges to agricultural practices. This study assesses the effectiveness of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method which is a type of spatial interpolation that estimates values at unsampled locations by weighting nearby sampled points based on their distance from the point being estimated. In IDW, closer points have a greater influence on the estimated value, while more distant points contribute less. IDW method is used for interpolating spatial distributions of soil pH, EC, and CaCO₃% in a 13,000 square meter area at the Faculty of Agriculture Farm, University of Tripoli, Libya. Using a total of 71 soil samples collected from a depth of 0–30 cm, the spatial variability of these properties through IDW was assessed, a method that estimates values at unsampled locations based on the weighted influence of nearby sampled points. The accuracy of IDW interpolations was evaluated through cross-validation, revealing that IDW provided reliable results for CaCO₃%, with R² values ranging from 63% to 75%. In contrast, the method demonstrated moderate effectiveness for pH (R² values between 41% and 50%) and lower accuracy for EC, with R² values as low as 6%. This suggests that soil pH and EC exhibit varying levels of spatial homogeneity, affecting the interpolation accuracy. Alternative methods like Kriging may be more appropriate for EC due to their capacity to account for spatial autocorrelation, a key factor in environmental variables such as soil properties. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate interpolation techniques based on the specific characteristics of soil properties and their spatial distribution.
Soil calcium carbonate content (CaCO₃ %)
Spatial or geographical statistics (Geostatistics)
Constructing the Fractional Flow Curve for the Masrab Oilfield Using Production Data: A Case Study in Libya
This study focuses on evaluating the flow performance of oil and water in the Masrab oilfield, Libya, using production data. The main goal is to apply the production data method to calculate fractional flow curves, which are essential for optimizing production strategies in mature oilfield. The analysis was conducted using Excel software, which facilitated efficient calculations and plotting of the fractional flow curves. The results reveal that the field is oil-wet, a condition that has a direct impact on oil recovery efficiency. Oil wet reservoirs tend to have lower recovery rates, as water does not easily displace oil from the rock surfaces, leading to challenges in maximizing oil extraction. The production data method used in this study proved to be more accurate and practical for field applications compared to traditional methods like the Buckley-Leverett approach. Furthermore, this approach was shown to be more cost-effective and time-efficient, particularly in environments where core sampling or extensive fluid property data is difficult to obtain. The study highlights the importance of using real-time production data to assess reservoir performance, especially in challenging conditions where conventional methods may not be feasible. Based on the results, it is recommended that the production data approach be preferred in oil-wet reservoirs like Masrab, as it offers significant advantages in terms of improving oil recovery and optimizing field operations. This approach provides a more practical and accessible solution for enhancing reservoir management and increasing long-term production efficiency.
Groundwater quality in some areas of Sirte City, Libya
This study investigates groundwater quality in various areas of Sirte City, located in northern Libya, focusing on identifying the most prevalent pollutants. The research specifically examines pH levels and other key pollution indicators, including total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the water. The study is centered on assessing the physicochemical parameters of groundwater in the Sirte City area. A total of twenty-eight surface water samples were collected from different directions (west, east, and south) around Sirte City during the Winter season, from January to March 2016. The overall findings revealed mean to all directions of water quality parameters as follows: pH 7.37, TDS 7419.9 mg/L, salinity 8.91 mg/L, EC 10.2 µS/cm, Na 225 mg/L, K 30.0 mg/L, and total hardness (TH) 11.4 mg/L. The results are shown for each direction separately, TDS 3324 mg/L in the south, 13663 mg/L in the west, and 5272 mg/L in the east. Similarly, the average salinity values ranged from 3.70 mg/L in the south, 16.2 mg/L in the west, to 6.80 mg/L in the east. The results further indicated that the average pH, conductivity, and metal concentrations were highest in the western wells of Sirte City compared to the eastern and southern wells. The average TH values were 6.57 mg/L in the south, 13.5 mg/L in the west, and 14.1 mg/L in the east. Additionally, the concentrations of heavy metals in the studied samples were below the detection limits of the measurement devices used. Notably, the lowest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the southern and middle-western regions, while the highest concentrations were observed in the eastern region. Furthermore, it was observed that the water samples from the western direction were the most saline, whereas those from the eastern and southern directions were less saline.The all results above were increasing than permissible limit According to World Health Organization specifications . The results of this study suggest that all collected surface water samples from the Sirte region are natural and acceptable for livestock and agricultural use, as well as for cleaning purposes. However, simple treatment is necessary to make the water suitable for human consumption, particularly when compared to WHO and Libyan water quality standards.
Histopathological Spectrum of Urinary Bladder Lesions in Patients at the Sirte Oncology Center
Introduction: There are various common non neoplastic and neoplastic (benign and malignant) lesions of urinary bladder. They are common causes for worldwide morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to study the histopathology spectrum of different urinary bladder lesions. Material and Methods: The current retrospective study included all reported cases of the received urinary bladder specimens in pathology department at Sirte Oncology Center. Results: Majority of 49 studied cases were males (87.8%). Out of which, 67.4% were neoplastic lesions with predominance of invasive urothelial tumors (63.6%), whereas 28.6% of cases were non neoplastic lesions. Inflammatory lesions (78.6%) formed the bulk amongst the non neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: The present study showed male predominance with the most encountered urinary bladder lesions are neoplastic lesions of urothelial origin. The majority of urothelial tumor are invasive cancer than non invasive type of urothelial carcinoma.